Company building is changing. People aren’t.

Deep dives on what actually works when building a team from 1 to 100 — drawn from the research and the operators who’ve lived it.

A library of management competencies

You know you need to “get better at hiring.” But what does that mean?

The Map of Management Competencies

Domains

Building the team
Performance18

Clusters

Recruiting & hiring
Onboarding
Letting people go

Competencies

Defining roles
Knowing what great looks like
Making the squishy legible
Building a pipeline
Collecting evidence
Scoring candidates
Combining and deciding
Selling the role

Management Craft is a work in progress. The Recruiting & hiring cluster is in progress (2/8 complete).

I break each hand-wavy domain, like “building the team,” into concrete clusters. Each specific competency is a thoroughly researched deep dive written to help you improve.

Each competency contains a rubric for excellence

Novice

Advanced beginner

Competent

Proficient

Expert

Each competency includes a rubric, based on The Dreyfus Model, with benchmarks at three intervals of mastery: novice, competent, and expert.

Tools that work, cited and sourced

Built for humans and agents

Your AI reads the tool, interviews you, and drafts the deliverable with you.

Tools / The MOC

The MOC

The MOC is the document you write before you talk to a single candidate: the Mission the role exists to serve, the Outcomes you will hold the hire to, and the Competencies it takes to deliver them. Get it right and the same page becomes your interview guide, your onboarding plan, your ninety-day scorecard, and your grounds for letting someone go if it comes to that.

The MOC is the document you write while you are getting ready to make a hire, before you talk to a single candidate. MOC stands for mission, outcomes, and competencies, the framework Geoff Smart and Randy Street laid out in their 2008 book Who: The A Method for Hiring, built on more than a thousand hours of interviews with hundreds of CEOs and a couple dozen billionaires. [2] My take? It’s the gold standard for hiring.

Figuring out what you actually need for a role is deceptively complicated. People think it is simple, but what you need a person to accomplish—the outcomes you need them to deliver—and the competencies it takes to get there are specific to your team, your company, and the size and stage you are at. The MOC is how you get clear on all of it, so that when you run the hiring process and filter people in or out, you and your team are filtering for the right things.

It is also how you find out what the role actually is. A lot of the time people think they need one thing, but when they write an MOC, they realize they need something completely different.

challengeskillAnxietychallenge outruns skillBoredomskill outruns challengeThe Flow Channelchallenge and skill in balance

Handmade figures for each tool

Hand-crafted figures for each tool — shareable as a URL or PNG so your team develops a shared language.

Read more about Flow →

Sort them through the Competency Stack, which separates the role-specific, level-specific, company-values, company-stage, and team-fit abilities. Competencies are not just how you pressure-test the outcomes. They are how you build the interview guide, because how can you really interview if you do not know what you are interviewing for? Once you know your outcomes and competencies, you know exactly what to test for, and you can design an interview loop that gets real signal on each one. If you want to see what a finished MOC looks like, Andreessen Horowitz published a sample one in their hiring-process walkthrough.

In-line context at your fingertips

Name a tool anywhere on the site and a note card surfaces what it is and what it gives you — context at the point of curiosity.

Learn about The Competency Stack →

A library that runs from Aristotle to Stripe Press — 70+ sources and counting

Paper · 2007Using advice from multiple sources to revise and improve judgmentsIlan Yaniv & Maxim MilyavskyNo. 84
Article · 2013How to HireSam AltmanNo. 40
No. 61990Flow: The Psychology of Optimal ExperienceMihaly Csikszentmihalyi
No. 162007Rethinking ExpertiseHarry Collins & Robert Evans
Paper · 2003Intuitions About Combining Opinions: Misappreciation of the Averaging PrincipleRichard P. Larrick & Jack B. SollNo. 66
Tobi Lutke on The Knowledge ProjectNo. 88
Article · 2017How to Hire ExecutivesBrian ArmstrongNo. 41
No. 92021Managing Humans: More Biting and Humorous Tales of a Software Engineering ManagerMichael Lopp
Article · 2025House Cats and Street CatsIz ShalomNo. 38
Paper · 1999The Curse of Expertise: The Effects of Expertise and Debiasing Methods on Predictions of Novice PerformancePamela HindsNo. 75
Paper · 2000The Rank-Order Consistency of Personality Traits From Childhood to Old Age: A Quantitative Review of Longitudinal StudiesBrent W. Roberts & Wendy F. DelVecchioNo. 78
Article · 2018Note This: How to Improve Student Note TakingKenneth A. Kiewra & Tiphaine Colliot & Junrong LuNo. 89
Paper · 2008Stubborn Reliance on Intuition and Subjectivity in Employee SelectionScott HighhouseNo. 72
Article · 2018Pioneers, Settlers, Town Planners: How Innovation WorksTimothy MansfieldNo. 48
Paper · 2000Advice taking in decision making: Egocentric discounting and reputation formationIlan Yaniv & Eli KleinbergerNo. 58
No. 11992Accidental EmpiresRobert X. Cringely
No. 281996The Tao of CoachingMax Landsberg
Paper · 2026Thinking—Fast, Slow, and Artificial: How AI Is Reshaping Human Reasoning and the Rise of Cognitive SurrenderSteven D. Shaw & Gideon NaveNo. 82
Article · 2011Pioneers, Town Planners and those missing SettlersSimon WardleyNo. 49
Paper · 2009Conditions for Intuitive Expertise: A Failure to DisagreeDaniel Kahneman & Gary KleinNo. 62
Article · 1999Managing OneselfPeter F. DruckerNo. 45
Paper · 2012Top Performers Are Not the Most Impressive When Extreme Performance Indicates UnreliabilityJerker Denrell & Chengwei LiuNo. 83
Paper · 2004Intuitive Evaluation of Likelihood Judgment Producers: Evidence for a Confidence HeuristicPaul C. Price & Eric R. StoneNo. 67
No. 111986Mind Over MachineHubert L. Dreyfus & Stuart E. Dreyfus
Paper · 2014System 0: The Overlooked Explanation of Expert IntuitionStuart E. DreyfusNo. 73
Article · 2024Founder Mode: A Liar's PerspectiveMolly GrahamNo. 33
No. 292008WHO: The A Method for HiringGeoff Smart & Randy Street
No. 231966The Effective ExecutivePeter F. Drucker
No. 32024Co-Intelligence: Living and Working with AIEthan Mollick
How to OperateNo. 85
Article · 2023ChatGPT Is a Blurry JPEG of the WebTed ChiangNo. 32
Paper · 2006Patterns of Mean-Level Change in Personality Traits Across the Life Course: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal StudiesBrent W. Roberts & Kate E. Walton & Wolfgang ViechtbauerNo. 69
No. 271991The Person and the Situation: Perspectives of Social PsychologyLee Ross & Richard E. Nisbett
Article · 1984The 6 O'Clock ScholarCarol KrucoffNo. 51
Article · 2021What's Going On Here, With This Human?Graham DuncanNo. 55
Danny Meyer on The Tim Ferriss Show (Episode 665)No. 87
Article · 2009Netflix Culture DeckNo. 46
No. 12Nicomachean EthicsAristotle
No. 172022Scaling People: Tactics for Management and Company BuildingClaire Hughes Johnson
Paper · 2001Expert Blind Spot: When Content Knowledge Eclipses Pedagogical Content KnowledgeMitchell J. Nathan & Kenneth R. Koedinger & Martha W. AlibaliNo. 64
Article · 2007How to Hire the Best People You've Ever Worked WithMarc AndreessenNo. 42
No. 222021The Defining Decade: Why Your Twenties Matter and How to Make the Most of Them NowMeg Jay
Paper · 1996Kurt Lewin's Change Theory in the Field and in the Classroom: Notes Toward a Model of Managed LearningEdgar H. ScheinNo. 68
Paper · 2022Revisiting Meta-Analytic Estimates of Validity in Personnel Selection: Addressing Systematic Overcorrection for Restriction of RangePaul R. Sackett & Charlene Zhang & Christopher M. Berry & Filip LievensNo. 71
No. 182006Setting the Table: The Transforming Power of Hospitality in Business
No. 72018High Growth Handbook: Scaling Startups from 10 to 10,000 PeopleElad Gil
No. 202015Superforecasting: The Art and Science of PredictionPhilip E. Tetlock & Dan Gardner
Paper · 2008If You Need Help, Just Ask: Underestimating Compliance with Direct Requests for HelpFrancis J. Flynn & Vanessa K. B. LakeNo. 65
Article · 2023How to organise your teamsSimon WardleyNo. 44
Article · 2018The Playing FieldGraham DuncanNo. 53
Articlecalibre | caliber, n. — etymologyNo. 30
Paper · 2017Ask in Person: You're Less Persuasive Than You Think over EmailM. Mahdi Roghanizad & Vanessa BohnsNo. 59
No. 252014The Hard Thing About Hard ThingsBen Horowitz
Paper · 1973Testing for Competence Rather Than for "Intelligence"David McClellandNo. 74
Article · 1985How to Make People DecisionsPeter F. DruckerNo. 43
Paper · 1980A Five-Stage Model of the Mental Activities Involved in Directed Skill AcquisitionStuart E. Dreyfus & Hubert L. DreyfusNo. 56
Article · 2023The Hiring ProcessJeff Stump & Kristina Graci deLunaNo. 52
No. 191998Sources of Power: How People Make DecisionsGary Klein
Article · 2007Hiring, Managing, Promoting, and Firing ExecutivesMarc AndreessenNo. 37
Paper · 2026Rethinking Management Education as Craft EducationCarsten Lund Pedersen & Rasmus Koss HartmannNo. 70
No. 241979The Ethnographic InterviewJames Spradley
Paper · 1976The Role of Tutoring in Problem SolvingDavid Wood & Jerome S. Bruner & Gail RossNo. 79
Article · 2026Hiring for a New Role/Function for Your First Time? Do This First.Liz WesselNo. 35
No. 262019The Holloway Guide to Technical Recruiting and HiringOzzie Osman
Article · 2022Startup States: Jungle, Dirt Road, HighwayAndy SparksNo. 50
No. 81983High Output ManagementAndy Grove
Paper · 2019Dark Motives and Elective Use of Brainteaser Interview QuestionsScott Highhouse & Christopher D. Nye & Don C. ZhangNo. 63
Paper · 1998The Validity and Utility of Selection Methods in Personnel Psychology: Practical and Theoretical Implications of 85 Years of Research FindingsFrank L. Schmidt & John E. HunterNo. 80
Article · 2018The Surprising Power of QuestionsAlison Wood Brooks & Leslie K. JohnNo. 54
No. 152015Pedigree: How Elite Students Get Elite JobsLauren Rivera
Paper · 1989The Curse of Knowledge in Economic Settings: An Experimental AnalysisColin Camerer & George Loewenstein & Martin WeberNo. 76
Paper · 2026The Double-Edged Sword of Consecutive and Snowball Sampling: Practical Utility Versus Methodological CompromiseJyoti Shankar Tripathy & Akhilesh Singh & Deepanjali TripathyNo. 77
Article · 2024Graham Duncan: Talent WhispererColossusNo. 34
No. 142016Peak: Secrets from the New Science of ExpertiseAnders Ericsson & Robert Pool
Macintosh IntroductionNo. 86
Article · 2015Career Development: What It Really Means to be a Manager, Director, or VPDave KelloggNo. 31
Paper · 1962Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual FrameworkDouglas C. EngelbartNo. 60
No. 102010Mastering the VC GameJeffrey Bussgang
Paper · 2006Advice taking and decision-making: An integrative literature review, and implications for the organizational sciencesSilvia Bonaccio & Reeshad S. DalalNo. 57
Paper · 2015The Value of Hiring Through Employee ReferralsStephen V. Burks & Bo Cowgill & Mitchell Hoffman & Michael HousmanNo. 81
No. 212022Talent: How to Identify Energizers, Creatives, and Winners Around the WorldTyler Cowen & Daniel Gross
Article · 2025Hiring for a new role/function? Do this.Liz WesselNo. 36
No. 51997Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday LifeMihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Paper · 2001Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social NetworksMiller McPherson & Lynn Smith-Lovin & James M. CookNo. 61
Article · 2019How To Be SuccessfulSam AltmanNo. 39
Article · 2007Performing a Project PremortemGary KleinNo. 47
No. 42005Expert Political Judgment: How Good Is It? How Can We Know?Philip E. Tetlock
No. 22010Chasing Stars: The Myth of Talent and the Portability of PerformanceBoris Groysberg
No. 1323 BCEOdesHorace
1993Commandos, Infantry, PoliceRobert Cringely · Accidental Empires
2010Jungle, Dirt Road, HighwayJeff Bussgang · Mastering the VC Game
2011Pioneers, Settlers, Town PlannersSimon Wardley · Bits or pieces?
TodayThe Terrain TestManagement Craft · synthesis of all three

I trace ideas to their source

The same idea with three names across thirty years. I trace every idea to its address in search of the most effective tools.

1983“they can’t, or they won’t”Andy Grove · High Output Management
1996“Skill vs. Will”Max Landsberg · The Tao of Coaching
2023“can/can’t · will/won’t”Danny Meyer · an independent reach, made public on Tim Ferriss
Skill vs. Willone tool, three witnesses

And synthesize convergence

Steven Johnson called this “the multiple,” when independent minds land on the same concept.

New competencies, tools, and sources — monthly, as they ship.

Made by one person

Andy Sparks

I’ve been an executive coach to 40+ founders and CEOs since 2020.

I’m obsessed with finding the recipes for what works as founders and executives scale from one to one hundred.

Management Craft is a labor of love and my canvas for sharing what I find and honing my craft both as a teacher, designer, and writer.

Previously, I founded Holloway and Mattermark. I wrote The Holloway Guide to Raising Venture Capital. I’m active on Twitter and you can learn more about me here.

Why I made this

  1. Too many organizations fail due to bad management

    Watch companies grow from a couple people to a hundred and you’ll see the same story: they never invest in the tried-and-true management principles we already know work, and it kills them. It makes me sad every time.

  2. A lot of management advice is bullshit

    There’s a lot we don’t know about what works, and we should admit it (Jerry Neumann’s “We Have Learned Nothing” is right about more than the industry would like). There’s also plenty that gets gussied up to sound correct instead of to work.

  3. But there are tools that actually work

    Sit down with founders and executives privately and they’ll tell you: certain tools work. Skill vs. Will won’t predict whether your company makes it, but for diagnosing a performance problem in the moment, it’s terrific.

  4. Operators and academics both offer wisdom

    Most management advice leans too hard on operators or too hard on academics. I’m most interested in the places where both agree.

  5. Learning about management should be fun

    Most management publishing still wears a suit and a pocket protector. The way we work now has more humor and less ceremony in it, and learning the craft should too.

  6. Small teams are the future

    As AI augments teams, I’d bet on fewer thousand-person companies and a lot more 20-to-50-person teams. That happens to be exactly the stage where management is hardest to learn.

  7. The world gets better when this is shared

    When more companies, nonprofits, and teams organize effectively, more cool stuff gets built. Sharing what I learn is the most useful thing I can do with it.

  8. And honestly, this is fun for me

    I coach founders for a living and I hate watching them struggle. But I also just love this: the research, the learning, the design, the making. I hope the work eventually pays for itself so I can keep doing it, and yes, that means I hope some of you pay me one day.

Questions

Who is this for?
The primary audience is founders and leaders of startups scaling from 1 to 100.
How is this different from management books?
Most management advice leans all the way on operator war stories or all the way on academic studies. I'm mapping where they agree, keeping what I've seen work first-hand, and citing every source so you can check my work.
Why not just ask ChatGPT or Claude?
If you ask an agent, yes, even a frontier model, to answer a question about a management challenge you're having, you're going to get a confident but shallow answer. Believe me, I have tried. But if you point your agent at a page with citations to source material, you're going to get an educated answer. I've built every page on Management Craft with this in mind.
How often is Management Craft updated?
I expect to publish new competencies and tools monthly.
How much does it cost?
Management Craft is free for you and your agent, for now. That might change, though.
Can my AI use this?
Yes! Start by copying and pasting links to Management Craft articles wherever you work with AI. You can also try the Agent Mode on the MOC — your AI reads the tool, interviews you, and drafts the deliverable with you. Others are coming soon.

Get Started